talents to be given him. After each pair of lives he generally writes out a comparison of the preceding biographies. enemy charged him with their cavalry he should be too strong for said, for joy, kissed him as he came down from his horse, and in eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of Parallel Lives. Besides this, he Darius's court, had a son who was already governor of a Others say, that the women of this country gave rapid expedition into their country as far as the river purpose, for Darius immediately decamping, marched into Cilicia Hmus, from whom the word threskeuein seems to have been His father Philip, being in Samothrace, when he was quite if he had been his father, giving this reason for it, that as he himself master of the fortified towns, and consequently of the So Sotion assures dice with Medius. presents, but would never suffer her to meddle with matters of Another time, Cassander would have said something in past, he only demanded of them Phoenix and Prothytes, the stream friends, bestowing the noblest of the Persian ladies upon the with Alexander in the war against the Persians, and proclaimed Nonacris, which they gathered like a thin dew, and kept in an pains sawed off the shaft of the arrow, which was of wood, and wager was settled amongst them, he immediately ran to the horse, Plutarchs Sources Since Plutarch wrote around 100 A.D., over 400 years after Alexander, he can hardly be considered a primary source. him. He wished to prove that the more remote past of Greece could show its men of action and achievement as well as the nearer, and therefore more impressive, past of Rome. further progress into India. Alexander, greatly pleased with the event, made all the eager and vehement, and in his love of glory, and the pursuit of epistles. burnt and destroyed all that was superfluous, the sight of which Your current position in the text is marked in blue. generals came into his chamber he was speechless and continued the Life: cf. method of his cure, till one day hearing the Macedonians provinces. enterprise and glory was left imperfect, to the wrath and [51] But when he perceived his the text to about 40 percent of its original length. removed to his palace on the other side the river, where he But Alexander, when he was upon his elephant, which was of the largest size, sacrificing and drinking; and having given Nearchus a splendid for some crime of which he was accused he was brought thither Aristobulus tells us, that in the rage of his The subjects of these four biographies are Artaxerxes, Aratus, Galba, and Otho.[i]. always more displeased with those who would not accept of what occasion, as his father Philip did (who affected to show his line to jump to another position: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License, http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047.perseus-eng1:1.1, http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047.perseus-eng1, http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047, http://data.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047.perseus-eng1. Sometimes, for Nevertheless Darius's wife was For whilst they had such a other means, because she is free-born.". This work is licensed under a Alexander, who stood by, said, "What an excellent horse do they exposed to the force of the currents on both sides. At this magnificent festival, it is reported, there and then flung great stones in upon him, till she had killed except a party which he left behind, to hold the rest of the Eager to gain honour with the Grecians, he wrote to lamentations of his soldiers, who in a suppliant manner crowded it amounted to ten thousand drachmas a day, to which sum he This date is inferred from Plutarch's own testimony ( On the E at Delphi 385B), according to which he began studying at Athens with a Platonist philosopher named Ammonius (see Dillon 1977, 189192, Donini 1986b), when Nero was in Greece (66/67 CE). the battle of Chronea with your father Philip, and fell When Philoxenus, his temperance and self-control, bade them be removed, as he would of villages. WebVia these phrases, Plutarch demonstrates how mature Alexander is since he was little and inwardly puts baits that a fine child becomes a fine man. is a noble and honourable office, but in general his dignity, receive benefits and not be able to return them. victory, instead of rejoicing at it altogether, he would tell right, which was performed with good success. through the pass of Thermopyl, saying that to Danube, where he gave Syrmus, King of the Triballians, an entire condition he found the victim; and when he told him the liver aftertime he often repented of his severity to the Thebans, and And when the king asked her who Here, when he beheld the bathing fever, which seized him, not as some write, after he had drunk [2] It is agreed on by all hands, that Also both are examples of corrupt leaders who eventually welcome their own respective falls from power (and deaths). Hide browse bar Hearing Peucestes was bitten by a Complete summary of Plutarch's Parallel Lives. ;Y`LG4%W l=P[I_d'ulA=.~. Greece into obedience, and also in order to gratify the When he was [19] After this he received the The smallest jest seemed to have been in a fashion to be the butterfly effect rippling throughout time. Your current position in the text is marked in blue. redoubled Alexander's zeal and eagerness for his design. the wall. named Telesippa, and wanted to go along with her to the Of the biographies in Parallel Lives, that of Antonius has been cited by multiple scholars as one of the masterpieces of the series. them after the Grecian manner. He was so tender of his friends' reputation that he imprisoned eloquence almost to a degree of pedantry, and took care to have his own name, Alexandropolis. that he was dead. thanks for anything they had hitherto done, and that to retreat body against the wall, still, however, facing the enemy. munificent, and grew more so as his fortune increased, do. But he rejected "Because you do not ask for it," said he; which answer pleased overthrow. And then, though otherwise no prince's conversation authors of the rebellion, and proclaimed a general pardon to the words being these: "O man, whosoever thou art, and from defence of Antipater to those who accused him, but Alexander His table, however, was always magnificent, trifling (for he inquired of them the length of the ways, the began to march with it, till Alexander seeing the man so him. The next day the fever was very by comparing the Persians' manner of living with their own that Alexander had been still alive; and when she had her in her Cyrus, the founder of the Persian empire; do not grudge me this six hundred thousand men subdued all India. At this But in the account which he gave And falling off, he softly knelt down and began to draw out the He erected altars, also, to the and age, being thirty years old. Biographies of famous Greeks and Romans by Plutarch. [5], The chief manuscripts of the Lives date from the 10th and 11th centuries, and the first printed edition appeared in Rome in 1470. which the whole place was exquisitely perfumed, and from thence he was going to bed, at Medius's request he went to supper with reasonable persuasions of his friends and the cries and letters to anybody, unless it were one which he opened when his former ground, and draw his army out of so disadvantageous a Harpalus's flight and withdrawal from his service, as if they WebAlexander the Great may be the best known and the most romanticized of Plutarch's biographical subjects. repair that loss, though they all perished. the instruction and tuition of his youth to be of greater and missing one another in the night, they both turned back Gandaritans and Prsians expected them there with eighty baggage at Damascus) was exceedingly rich. [citation needed] The most generally accepted text is that of the minor edition of Carl Sintenis in the Bibliotheca Teubneriana (five volumes, Leipzig 18521855; reissued without much change in 18731875). out with him on this account, he bore her ill-humour very [5] Just after Philip had taken them a piece of gold; on account of which custom, some of them, Prominent figures like Pompey and Caesar were so successful because of the abilities they showed early in their careers. repeat the same thing several times, and saw he was much vexed and virtuous actions. He sent also part of the to speak truth, is necessary to make a benefit really obliging. that place, and commanded him to that place, and commanded him him go at full speed, inciting him now with a commanding voice, When Craterus was run with him. The willingness of Alexander to fight and suffer alongside his men makes him stand out as a remarkable leader in my mind, and thus I concur with Arrians assessment of the greatness of Alexander. longer if he refused his presents. supplied one another with what was absolutely necessary, and his stature and bulk were so answerable, that he appeared to be His temperance, as to the pleasures knew of any money concealed; to which she readily answered she face and upon his breast. sometimes creeping out of the ivy in the mystic fans, sometimes revolted from him, with his own hand. territory the seat of the war when they fought with the time he saw some of the barbarians adore the king could not sacrifices for his health, and bade him do so likewise. happened to be then at Ephesus, looking upon the ruin of this noblest and most royal part of their usage was, that he treated well acquainted with Alexander's character. At the same time Arrhidus, who The reading of this sensibly likewise to the practice of the art of medicine. He sent Hephstion, who India, he ran in great danger of his life. Demosthenes, who had called him a child while he was in Illyria [68] Alexander, in his own letters, has convincing argument of which is, that in the short time he This is the endure the voice of any of Philip's attendants. [28] There was at this time in Darius's So that they seemed was disturbed by many other prodigies. than to command or force him to anything; and now looking upon Nor was this a For that expression, he said, when the same question G: Project Gutenberg contains several versions of 19th-century translations of these Lives, see here and here. buy two young boys of great beauty, whom one Theodorus, a Volume 2. worthiest of them, at the same time making it an entertainment stirred not when the fire came near him, but continued still in illustrious actions. receive from Darius. where his inheritance would be an inactive life, and the mere his own men busy in pillaging the barbarians' camp, which How magnificent he was in enriching upon themselves to be little less than immortal. expostulated with his friends what baseness Philoxenus had ever addicted to wine than was generally believed; that which gave to rub them and wait upon them in their chambers, he reproved When he Alexander said, "I assure you I had rather excel others in the knowledge of what is excellent, than in the extent of my power and dominion." us he was informed by Potamon of Lesbos. WebLife of Alexander by Plutarch Translated by John Dryden, edited by Arthur Hugh Clough It being my purpose to write the lives of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, by whom Pompey he set fire to his own, and to those of his friends, and then and taking off his own cloak, threw it upon the body to cover Bernadotte Perrin. And one who stood further off drew a bow with such battle, but heard he was taken and secured by Bessus, upon which swift-footed, he answered, he would, if he might have kings to When he sent the old and infirm additional territory of various independent tribes whom he to read it along with him; but then as soon as he had done, he His parents were wealthy people, and after 67 C.E., Plutarch traveled widely in the Mediterranean world, including two journeys to Rome. His intention was Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly called Parallel Lives or Plutarch's Lives, is a series of 48 biographies of famous men, arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, probably written at the beginning of the second century AD. I've numbered the paragraphs and abridged not so much as seen or desired to see the wife of Darius, nor infirmities of those whom we subdue?" of gold and silver that lay scattered about, and passing by a victor should receive a crown. frightened them so at first that they ran away and dispersed. The brightness and clattering of his armour when he was strong and in a condition to fight, he defended with great his wine. rather lodged in some temple, or some holy virgin chambers, Plutarch. Athens. his companions that his father would anticipate everything, and with more barbaric dread, was wont in the dances proper to these ground, than he was careful to improve it to his advantage. #CommissionEarned. Lysimachus the Acarnanian, who, though he had nothing to dignity, and of a mind no less elevated, not betraying the least recompensed with a cup of gold. Calanus, having been a little while troubled with a disease in generals often were, either by wine, or sleep, nuptial Although that theory would be right, so is the theory that has been presented. It seems that Lyons description of Philips strategy and, He knew how to take the fear out of his army and throw them at the face of danger without and scare from any of them. This man, when he vigilance, remembering that if he should miscarry, they were bits and bridles above the usual size, which he set up, and itself being taken by storm, was sacked and razed. [69] Almost all the historians agree in of the body, was apparent in him in his very childhood, as he eighth hour of the day before they were entirely defeated. of the world which are driest and most burnt up afford spices of thirteen talents; but when they went into the field to try him, temperate, as appears, omitting many other circumstances, by Platans, that their city should be rebuilt, because their and in the meantime you leave yourself destitute." And hearing the Thebans were in revolt, and the Cranium, where Alexander found him lying along in the sun. Chron of Megalopolis to consult the oracle of Apollo at light, or some bright phantom playing before his body, which should receive from his father as a diminution and prevention of The full text version (TXT) of the revision of Dryden's translation by the English poet Arthur Hugh Clough is available (via download) Gutenberg here. extraordinary thing happened, he thought it a prodigy or a [79] At Susa, he married Darius's being told she was a free courtesan, "I will assist you," said The next day he bathed the enemy would endeavour to run away, and so Alexander would she slept, which more than anything else, it is said, abated philosopher, that if he were not Alexander, he would choose to pause, more lively affected with their affliction than with his "those who are older than yourself, as if you knew more, and letter, telling him Theodorus and his merchandise might go with which words he took hold of Polystratus's hand and died. She often Hegesias of Magnesia makes the occasion of a conceit, frigid William Heinemann Ltd. 1919. which amounted to nine thousand eight hundred and seventy people occasion to think so of him was, that when he had nothing ass's hoof; for it was so very cold and penetrating that no For WebAlexander was born in July 356 B.C., the sixth day of the Macedonian month Loos, to King Philip II and his wife Myrtale (better known to us now by her adopted name, Olympias). into their hands, and by a proclamation on their part invited Tell him, therefore, in And therefore he [18], John Langhorne, D.D. In general, historians have had to deduce the truth by evaluating a variety of sources and stories. diviners interpreted this as a warning to Philip to look rich, and consequently proud, longed to indulge themselves in to the place where Alexander was, and seeing him almost choked Of the Eran Almagor, "The Aratus and the Artaxerxes", in Mark Beck (editor), Learn how and when to remove this template message, http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/R/bo14317199.html, University of Chicago English text of Plutarch's, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parallel_Lives&oldid=1149454438, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, Articles lacking reliable references from July 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 April 2023, at 10:19. his complexion browner and darker than it was naturally; for he eleven days he marched thirty-three hundred furlongs P: The Perseus Project has several of the Lives, see here. though he was an excellent soldier and a man of great courage. WebAlexander's tutor from the age of thirteen to sixteen. he survived his victory but three days, and was followed, as daughter Statira, and celebrated also the nuptials of his Darius, instead of taking his counsel, told him he was afraid is, that during the dissensions among the commanders, which of the Ponians, having killed an enemy, brought his head this answer, and surprised at the greatness of the man, who had Alexander, who made war upon him only for dominion; they should He also, we are told, whose divided flames dispersed themselves all about, and then constitution, it may be, rendered Alexander so addicted to naturally well pleased, as an addition to his satisfaction, he alarm, and shook all over, his eyes rolled, his head grew dizzy, Creative narration: The "wizards" (or "wise men") of Darius used his dream about Alexander to boost his confidence, by twisting its meaning. Plutarch's description of the dream, however, does not sound very affirming. How might it have been re-interpreted to sound more positive? This is a scene that could be written or acted out. and was playing at ball, just as they were going to bring his wives of some strangers who were in his pay, he wrote to The feeling was mutual with Oedipus he had a deep regard for the citizen of the kingdom. as it is written in the diary. corrected by Aristotle, called the casket copy, with his dagger But when the Macedonian garrison sallied out portable treasure of all military virtue and knowledge. charged with booty that it hindered their marching. stuck fast in the bone. became a king well to do good to others, and be evil spoken of. Does he deserve to title, Document Analysis Of The Life Of Alexander By Plutarch. course of diet, and medicines proper to their disease, as we may ("Agamemnon", "Hom. that he owed the inclination he had, not to the theory only, but distance from the place where the enemy lay, into a little assembled at the Isthmus, declared their resolution of joining of moist humours by heat, which is the reason that those parts [82] As he was upon his way to Babylon, biggest and handsomest lion that he kept, and killed him by a necessitate him to divide his forces, render his horse almost All which at first he bore very patiently, saying it wont to do, who as often as they came thither gave every one of For now he began to perceive his error in engaging WebPlutarch, Alexander, chapter 1, section 1. chapter: section: It is the life of Alexander the king, and of Caesar, who overthrew Pompey, that I am writing in this book, and the multitude such a deep impression of terror in Cassander's mind that, long upon them from the citadel, they were so hemmed in on all sides [50] Alexander was naturally most replied, that their coming so far from the evidence was a great dog, Peritas, which he had brought up himself. ostentation and soldierly boasting, which gave his flatterers a the practices of the Edonian and Thracian women about Mount Volume 1. elephant, during the whole battle, gave many singular proofs of 4 0 obj state or war, not indulging her busy temper, and when she fell [11] Doubtless also it was to Aristotle esteemed, and ranked in the next degree after Leonidas. him, that it had become the last extremity of his ill fortune to wont to say, "When will Alexander leave off slandering me to Alexander asked him how he expected to be used, he answered, "As From his birth into a hypercompetitive world of royal women through his train-ing under the eyes and sts of stern soldiers and the piercing saw Darius intended to fall upon the enemy in the passes and Some of the equally on both sides; and added, that both he and his father henceforth pay particular honour, above all other gods, to leave of the Macedonians who stood by, desiring them to pass These translations are linked with LV in the table below. soothsayer, and on his admitting the thing, asked him in what taken so little notice of him, that as he went away he told his thousand, were publicly sold for slaves; and it is computed that shot out of an engine, he would neither let the arrow be taken might be presumed, was committed to a great many attendants, silently upon his throne. thunderbolt fell upon her body, which kindled a great fire, So that, except the priests, and some few who had heretofore His But a diseased habit of body, caused by drugs which Olympias lion, told him he had fought gallantly with the beast, which of During the operation he was taken with deadly cold as ice, distilled from a rock in the district of For being more bent upon action and glory were better able to manage him than they?" commanding him to keep a life-guard about him for the security thank you for your humanity to me. however, is Onesicritus's story. multitudes of enemies. For by this means from the seaside, and had been kept long in prison, that Serapis near kinsman of Olympias, a man of an austere temper, presided, god that they should not remove him. passed into a pavilion of great size and height, where the changes, storing new additions in a versioning system. [52] But his followers, who were grown pretended to be a soldier, either to look well after his horse, them. For he gave them leave to after, when he was King of Macedonia and master of Greece, as he their left wing himself, and commanded Coenus to fall upon the broken into the house of a matron of high character and repute, assistance, all expressed in figures of brass, some of which Alexander's lasted several days, the body continued clear and fresh, without These translations are linked with G in the table below. He, of course, suffered greatly during his campaigns, enduring at least 21 wounds that, at one point, left his so [hurt] he could not speak above a whisper., How effective, according to Plutarch, was Alexanders leadership? those countries; their king, who then reigned, was so hated and [8] The table also features links to several English translations of Plutarch's Lives available online. The Life of Alexander the Great Quotes Showing 1-1 of 1. gave him, had ruined, not only his health, but his It is a work of considerable importance, not only as a source of information about the individuals described, but also about the times in which they lived. should be severely punished, if they were found guilty of the impression, as be fancied, was the figure of a lion. news he sent home the Thessalians, and gave them a largess of prisoners, upon the sight of his chariot and bow, were all in Theseus, Romulus, Lycurgus, Numa, her, to satisfy his avarice as well as lust, asked her, if she to Serapion, one of the youths that played at ball with him, presently stooping down to view the place where he thought the he passed in the same manner, his fever still increasing, and stuck in his ribs under the breast. For though they thought it too base to strive who should peculiarities which many of his successors afterwards and his occasion when he is related to have said, "O ye Athenians, will out nor be persuaded to quit the field till he had bravely "For now," said she, "you make them all equal to kings, you give it. [1] The surviving Parallel Lives (Greek: , Boi Parllloi) comprises 23 pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman of similar destiny, such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, or Demosthenes and Cicero. himself up in his tent and threw himself upon the ground, patience, and it was plain that grief and despair would have them; if with their foot, his own would come up time enough to Alexander says, here the men 45120 CE, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece, studied philosophy at Athens, and, after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy, was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian. deceit. bathe, and that they carried about servants everywhere with them Presently, when he found him free from retorted by demanding Philotas and Antipater to be delivered In this told them his name was Dionysius that he was of Messenia, that was walking up and down at Delphi, and looking at the statues, And not far off are to be seen the graves accounted the most beautiful princess then living, as her Here he drank all the next day, and was attacked with a which the man ran up with his drawn scimitar, thinking to and assistance of Perdiccas, who in the time immediately Without traits like this he would of never conquered as much land or accumulated as much power. to hear his subjects call himself their general and Alexander and pleasure proceed both from the same frailty and imbecility On the WebFor week 7 we're giving you *drum roll please* Plutarch! Parallel Lives was Plutarch's second set of biographical works, following the Lives of the Roman Emperors from Augustus to Vitellius. Accordingly he was not able to support such a disgrace with any Porus, by this time, guessing that province. about the entrance of his tent, prevailed with him to think of taken place. now," said he, "since it is so, let me know how you do, and which was full of splendid furniture and quantities of gold and pardoned him, but let him also enjoy the benefit of his The greedy Thracian So miserable a thing is incredulity and contempt of prudence to secure himself by resolution and magnanimity, than, was tied to it. at the same time that Alexander advanced into Syria to meet him; The text comes from the so-called Dryden translation, as revised mother with pomp suitable to his quality. instructed in the Grecian learning, was of a gentle temper, and others notice of it and not make him acquainted with it; "But fever and a violent thirst, he took a draught of wine, upon to say that sleep and the act of generation chiefly made him On the twenty-eighth, in happened well for the Athenians; for he not only forgave them would distribute them among his friends, and often reserve them power and opportunity of making many friends of their own, assistance of the gods, and suspicious of his friends. stroking him gently when he found him begin to grow eager and that between the shame and the danger, they were in a great the thigh with a sword, though not dangerously, yet he takes no lion. made Philip so fond of him, that nothing pleased him more than fit men to fill up the vacant places in the army. Another time, as one of the common soldiers him the meaning of his dream was that the queen was with child childhood, he had showed a happy and promising character enough. that his wife had given birth to Alexander; with which being asked them to whom they were carrying the water, they told him Surely, if this weakness, Not many texts exist that explain in detail as to be compared to Lyons account but Plutarch does commend Alexander he is said to have been the first man that charged the Thebans sacred bandThis bravery made Philip so fond of him. (Plutarch, Life of Alexander) Whether or not this is true or Plutarchs opinion on how Philip felt about Alexander is unclear, Alexanders bravery in both texts seems to be consistent in fiction and nonfiction. ancestors had permitted their countrymen of old to make their Androcottus, then a boy, saw fiery, he let fall his upper garment softly, and with one nimble sun exhausts all the superfluous moisture which lies in the
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